- CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Traumatic Disease
- Chapter Overview
- Situational Awareness
- Case Presentation
- Scene Size-up
- Standard Precautions
- Scene Safety
- Total Number of Patients
- Essential Equipment and Additional Resources
- Mechanism of Injury
- Blunt Trauma
- Penetrating Trauma
- Priorities of Trauma Care
- Trauma Triage Decisions
- Prevention and Public Education
- CHAPTER 2 Trauma Assessment and Management
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- ITLS Primary Survey
- Scene Size-up
- Initial Assessment
- Rapid Trauma Survey or Focused Exam
- ITLS Reassessment Exam
- ITLS Secondary Survey
- Adjuncts for Trauma Patient Assessment
- Transfer of Care
- CHAPTER 3 Assessment Skills
- ITLS Primary Survey—Critical Information
- Scene Size-up
- Initial Assessment
- Rapid Trauma Survey
- ITLS Reassessment Exam—Critical Information
- Subjective Changes
- Mental Status
- Reassess ABCs
- ITLS Secondary Survey—Critical Information
- SAMPLE History
- Vital Signs and Repeat Initial Assessment
- Neurological Exam
- Detailed Exam
- Ground Rules for Teaching and Evaluation
- CHAPTER 4 Hemorrhage Control and Shock
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- Pathophysiology of Shock
- Evaluation of Tachycardia
- The Shock Syndromes
- Management
- Special Situations in Hypovolemic Shock
- Obstructive Shock
- Cardiogenic Shock
- Current Thinking in the Treatment of Shock
- CHAPTER 5 Shock and Hemorrhage Control Skills
- Cannulation of the External Jugular Vein
- Intraosseous Infusion
- Indications
- Contraindications
- Recommended Sites
- Potential Complications
- FAST Responder™ Intraosseous Device
- Length-Based Resuscitation Tapes
- Control of Life-Threatening Hemorrhage
- Application of Tourniquets
- Use of Hemostatic Agents
- CHAPTER 6 Airway Management
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- Anatomy and Physiology
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Hypopharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea and Bronchi
- The Lungs
- The Patent Airway
- Observation
- Suction
- Airway Adjuncts
- Supplemental Oxygen
- Ventilation
- Normal Ventilation
- Positive-Pressure (Artificial) Ventilation
- Compliance
- Ventilation Techniques
- Airway Equipment
- CHAPTER 7 Airway Skills
- Chapter Overview
- Basic Airway Management
- The Pulse Oximeter
- Supraglottic Airways
- Advanced Airway Management
- Preparation for Intubation
- Face-to-Face Intubation
- Confirmation of Tube Placement
- Drug-Assisted Intubation
- Fiberoptic and Video Intubation
- SECTION 2 Foundational Knowledge
- CHAPTER 8 Thoracic Trauma
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- The Thorax
- Anatomy
- Pathophysiology
- Emergency Care of Chest Injuries
- Airway Obstruction
- Flail Chest
- Open Pneumothorax
- Massive Hemothorax
- Tension Pneumothorax
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Myocardial Contusion
- Traumatic Aortic Rupture
- Tracheal or Bronchial Tree Injury
- Diaphragmatic Tears
- Pulmonary Contusion
- Blast Injuries
- Other Chest Injuries
- Impaled Objects
- Traumatic Asphyxia
- Simple Pneumothorax
- Sternal Fractures
- Simple Rib Fracture
- CHAPTER 9 Thoracic Trauma Skills
- Chapter Overview
- Chest Decompression
- Indications to Perform Chest Decompression
- Performing a Chest Decompression by the Anterior Approach
- Performing a Chest Decompression by the Lateral Approach
- Management of Open Pneumothorax
- CHAPTER 10 Spinal Trauma and Spinal Motion Restriction
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- Evolution of Spinal Motion Restriction
- Relationship to Patient Safety
- Patient-Specific and Appropriate Spinal Motion Restriction
- Summary of Patient-Centered Spinal Motion Restriction
- The Normal Spinal Column and Cord
- Spinal Column
- Spinal Cord
- Spinal Injury
- Mechanisms of Blunt Spinal Column Injury
- Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury
- Neurogenic Shock
- Assessment of the Trauma Patient
- Assessing for Possible Spinal Injury
- Focused Evaluation of the Spinal Cord
- Management of the Trauma Patient
- Minimizing Spinal Movement
- Spinal Motion Restriction in the Trauma Patient
- The Log Roll
- Spinal Motion Restriction Devices
- Complications of Spinal Motion Restriction
- Airway Intervention
- Special Spinal Motion Restriction Situations
- CHAPTER 11 Spine Management Skills
- Essential Components of Spinal Motion Restriction
- Principles of SMR
- Applying SMR
- Patients Requiring SMR
- SMR with a Short Extrication Device
- Emergency Rescue and Rapid Extrication
- SMR with the Long Backboard
- CHAPTER 12 Head Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- Anatomy of the Head
- Pathophysiology of Head Trauma
- Primary and Secondary Brain Injuries
- Intracranial Pressure
- Cerebral Herniation Syndrome
- Head Injuries
- Facial Injuries
- Scalp Wounds
- Skull Injuries
- Brain Injuries
- Evaluation of the Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury
- ITLS Primary Survey
- ITLS Secondary Survey
- ITLS Reassessment Exam
- Management of the Patient with TBI
- CHAPTER 13 Abdominal Trauma
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- Anatomy of the Abdomen
- Types of Abdominal Injuries
- Assessment and Stabilization
- Scene Size-up
- Patient Assessment
- Stabilization
- New Trends in Managing Abdominal Trauma
- CHAPTER 14 Extremity Trauma
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- Injuries to Extremities
- Fractures
- Dislocations
- Open Wounds
- Amputations
- Neurovascular Injuries
- Sprains and Strains
- Impaled Objects
- Compartment Syndrome
- Crush Injury and Crush Syndrome
- Assessment and Management
- Scene Size-up and History
- Assessment
- Management of Extremity Injuries
- Management of Specific Injuries
- CHAPTER 15 Extremity Trauma Skills
- Traction Splints
- Pelvic Stabilization Techniques
- CHAPTER 16 Trauma Arrest
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- The Unsalvageable Patient
- Airway and Breathing Problems
- Circulatory Problems
- Approach to Trauma Patients in Cardiac Arrest
- General Plan of Action
- Considerations in Traumatic Cardiac Arrest Management
- SECTION 3 Special Populations
- CHAPTER 17 Burns
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- Anatomy and Pathophysiology
- The Skin
- Classifying Burns by Depth
- Determining the Severity of Burns
- Patient Assessment and Management
- ITLS Primary Survey
- ITLS Secondary Survey
- Patient Management
- Special Problems in Burn Management
- CHAPTER 18 Pediatric Trauma
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- Communication with the Child and Family
- Parental Consent
- Assessment and Care
- Pediatric Equipment
- Common Mechanisms of Injury
- General Assessment
- Rapid Trauma Survey or Focused Exam
- Critical Trauma Situation
- ITLS Secondary Survey
- Potentially Life-Threatening Injuries
- Hemorrhagic Shock
- Fluid Resuscitation
- Head Trauma
- Chest Injury
- Abdominal Injury
- Spine Injury
- Child Restraint Seats
- CHAPTER 19 Geriatric Trauma
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- Pathophysiology of Aging
- The Aging Body
- Medications
- Aging and Injury
- Assessment and Management
- ITLS Primary Survey
- Reassessment Exams
- CHAPTER 20 Trauma in Pregnancy
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- Pregnancy
- Fetal Development
- Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy
- Responses to Hypovolemia
- Assessment and Management
- Special Considerations
- Types of Trauma
- Trauma Prevention in Pregnancy
- CHAPTER 21 The Impaired Patient
- Chapter Overview
- Case Presentation
- Substance Abuse
- Assessment and Management
- The Uncooperative Patient
- Excited Delirium
- GLOSSARY
- INDEX
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- Z
- APPENDIX A Standard Precautions
- APPENDIX B Analgesia and Pain Control for the Trauma Patient
- APPENDIX C Multicasualty Incidents and Triage






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